Causes of male infertility
Causes vary and may overlap. Evaluation looks at medical history, examination when needed, and laboratory tests.
- Low sperm count (oligospermia)
- Poor sperm motility (asthenospermia)
- Abnormal sperm morphology (teratospermia)
- Varicocele
- Hormonal factors
- Past infection, surgery, or medical treatment
- Lifestyle factors such as smoking, heat exposure, or anabolic steroid use
Semen analysis
Semen analysis looks at volume, concentration, motility, and morphology, among other findings. Results can vary between samples, so repeat testing is sometimes advised. Your clinician will interpret the report in context rather than focusing on a single number.
Available fertility treatment options
Depending on findings, care may include addressing reversible factors, further andrology tests, surgical sperm retrieval in selected cases, sperm freezing, IUI in mild cases, or IVF with ICSI when laboratory fertilisation support is appropriate.
Frequently asked questions
Can lifestyle changes improve sperm health?
Stopping smoking, reviewing medicines with your doctor, and general health measures may help some men. They are not a substitute for medical assessment when infertility is already a concern.
When is ICSI considered?
ICSI may be discussed when sperm parameters are significantly reduced, when sperm is retrieved surgically, or when previous fertilisation has been poor. Your specialist will explain whether it may help in your case.
This page is for patient education and does not replace a personal medical consultation. Treatment choices and outcomes vary. Your fertility specialist will advise based on your history, examination, and test results. No fertility treatment can guarantee pregnancy.